Leviathan
Scott Westerfeld
"Leviathan," written by Scott Westerfeld and published in 2009, is the first book in a steampunk-inspired trilogy that reimagines the events leading up to and during World War I. The novel presents an alternate history where the world is divided into two factions: the Darwinists, who use genetically engineered creatures for warfare, and the Clankers, who rely on advanced machinery and steam-powered technology.
The story follows two young protagonists—Prince Aleksandar of Austria-Hungary and Deryn Sharp, a girl disguised as a boy to serve in the British Air Service—whose paths cross as they become embroiled in the conflict. Westerfeld's novel explores themes of identity, loyalty, and the clash between tradition and innovation.
Summary of the Novel
The novel begins with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, an event that plunges Europe into war. Prince Aleksandar, the son of the Archduke, is forced to flee his home in Austria-Hungary to escape those who seek to eliminate him as a potential heir to the throne. Accompanied by a small group of loyal men and a walker (a large, mechanical war machine), Alek makes his way across Europe, evading capture and grappling with his new status as a fugitive.
Meanwhile, in Britain, Deryn Sharp, a young girl with a passion for flying, disguises herself as a boy named Dylan and joins the British Air Service. She is assigned to the Leviathan, a massive airship made from genetically engineered creatures, including a whale-like creature that serves as the ship's core. Deryn's journey is one of deception and determination, as she must keep her true identity hidden while proving herself as a capable airman.
As the war intensifies, Alek and Deryn's paths cross when Alek's walker is damaged and the Leviathan crash-lands in the Alps. Despite their initial mistrust—Alek is a Clanker and Deryn is a Darwinist—the two form an alliance, recognizing that their survival depends on cooperation. Together, they face numerous challenges, including attacks from enemy forces, treacherous terrain, and the secrets each is keeping. The novel ends with Alek and Deryn preparing to embark on a new adventure aboard the Leviathan, as they continue to navigate the complexities of war and their evolving relationship.
Key Themes & Motifs
Identity and Deception: The theme of identity is central to "Leviathan," particularly through the characters of Alek and Deryn. Both protagonists grapple with questions of identity—Alek as a prince without a kingdom and Deryn as a girl disguised as a boy. Their need to hide their true selves reflects the broader theme of deception, both personal and political, in a world at war. The novel explores the tension between societal expectations and individual desires, as well as the challenges of maintaining one's identity in the face of external pressures.
The Clash Between Tradition and Innovation: The novel presents a world divided between the Darwinists, who embrace biological innovation, and the Clankers, who rely on mechanical technology. This dichotomy represents the broader theme of tradition versus innovation, as both sides seek to gain an advantage in the war. The novel explores the ethical and practical implications of each approach, raising questions about the consequences of technological and scientific advancements. The conflict between the Darwinists and Clankers serves as a backdrop for the characters' personal journeys, highlighting the ways in which innovation can challenge traditional beliefs and power structures.
Loyalty and Betrayal: Loyalty and betrayal are recurring themes in "Leviathan," as the characters navigate the complexities of war and alliances. Alek's loyalty to his family and country is tested as he comes to terms with the realities of his situation, while Deryn's loyalty to her country is complicated by her need to conceal her true identity. The novel also explores the concept of loyalty on a broader scale, examining the shifting alliances and betrayals that characterize the political landscape of wartime Europe. The characters' struggles with loyalty and betrayal reflect the moral ambiguities of war and the challenges of making ethical decisions in a world where trust is often in short supply.
Analysis of Main Characters
Prince Aleksandar of Hohenberg: Alek is the son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and a central character in the novel. His journey from a sheltered and privileged life to that of a fugitive on the run is marked by internal conflict and personal growth. Alek is initially naïve and uncertain of his place in the world, but as the novel progresses, he becomes more self-reliant and determined to take control of his destiny. Alek's character represents the theme of identity, as he grapples with the loss of his title and the challenges of defining himself in a world where he is hunted and isolated.
Deryn Sharp (Dylan): Deryn is a bold and adventurous young woman who disguises herself as a boy to join the British Air Service. Her character embodies the themes of deception and identity, as she must constantly navigate the challenges of maintaining her disguise while proving herself in a male-dominated environment. Deryn's resourcefulness, bravery, and determination make her a formidable protagonist, and her evolving relationship with Alek adds depth to her character. Deryn's internal struggle with her true identity and her desire to be accepted for who she is highlight the broader theme of gender roles and societal expectations.
Dr. Nora Barlow: Dr. Barlow is a prominent Darwinist scientist and a key figure in the novel. She is intelligent, resourceful, and dedicated to her work, representing the innovative spirit of the Darwinists. Dr. Barlow's character provides insight into the ethical considerations of scientific advancement, as she navigates the complexities of using genetically engineered creatures for warfare. Her interactions with Alek and Deryn reveal her pragmatism and her willingness to challenge traditional norms in pursuit of her goals.
Count Volger: Count Volger is a loyal servant of Alek's family and plays a protective role in the prince's life. He is a pragmatic and skilled strategist, often acting as a mentor to Alek as they navigate their perilous journey. Volger's character represents the theme of loyalty, as he remains steadfast in his commitment to Alek despite the dangers they face. However, his secrecy and occasional manipulation of Alek's decisions also reflect the moral ambiguities of war and the complexities of maintaining loyalty in a rapidly changing world.
Setting & Social Context
"Leviathan" is set in an alternate history version of Europe during World War I, where the world is divided into two factions: the Darwinists and the Clankers. The Darwinists, including Britain, France, and Russia, use genetically engineered creatures for warfare, while the Clankers, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, rely on advanced mechanical technology. The novel's setting combines elements of real history with steampunk and biopunk aesthetics, creating a world that is both familiar and fantastical.
The historical context of the novel draws on the real events of World War I, such as the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the subsequent alliances and conflicts that shaped the war. However, Westerfeld's reimagining of the war introduces new elements, such as the use of living airships and mechanical walkers, that reflect the novel's exploration of the clash between tradition and innovation. The setting of "Leviathan" serves as a backdrop for the characters' personal journeys, highlighting the impact of war on individuals and the ways in which technology and science shape the course of history.
Writing Style & Narrative Techniques
Scott Westerfeld's writing style in "Leviathan" is characterized by its fast-paced narrative, vivid descriptions, and seamless integration of historical and fantastical elements. The novel is written in the third person, alternating between the perspectives of Alek and Deryn, which allows readers to gain insight into both characters' thoughts, motivations, and experiences. Westerfeld's use of alternating perspectives adds depth to the narrative and provides a broader understanding of the novel's complex world.
The novel's steampunk aesthetic is enhanced by detailed descriptions of the machinery and creatures that populate the world of "Leviathan." Westerfeld's imaginative world-building is complemented by Keith Thompson's illustrations, which bring the novel's technology and characters to life. The combination of text and illustrations creates an immersive reading experience that captures the reader's imagination.
Westerfeld's narrative technique includes the use of suspense and action to drive the plot forward, while also allowing for moments of introspection and character development. The novel's pacing is well-balanced, with a mix of intense action scenes and quieter moments that explore the characters' internal conflicts and relationships. The writing style is accessible and engaging, making "Leviathan" an appealing read for both young adults and adults.
Important Quotes & Analysis
"You’re like one of those clanker machines, all bits and pieces that shouldn’t fit together but somehow do.": This quote, spoken by Deryn to Alek, reflects the novel's theme of identity and the idea that individuals are complex and multifaceted. It highlights the unexpected alliance between Alek and Deryn and their ability to work together despite their differences.
"The world hasn’t changed so much as it’s turned upside down.": This quote encapsulates the novel's exploration of the impact of war on individuals and society. It reflects the disorientation and upheaval experienced by the characters as they navigate a world in conflict.
"Sometimes a lie saves the day.": This quote underscores the theme of deception and the moral ambiguities of war. It reflects the characters' struggles with truth and lies, as they must make difficult decisions in order to survive and protect those they care about.
Conclusion & Final Thoughts
"Leviathan" is a captivating and imaginative novel that blends historical events with steampunk and biopunk elements to create a unique and compelling story. Scott Westerfeld's exploration of identity, loyalty, and the clash between tradition and innovation offers readers a thought-provoking and engaging reading experience.
Through its richly imagined world, dynamic characters, and fast-paced narrative, "Leviathan" serves as both an exciting adventure and a reflection on the complexities of war and the impact of technological advancements on society. The novel's themes of personal growth, deception, and the power of innovation resonate with readers, making "Leviathan" a standout work in the realm of alternate history and young adult fiction.